Endoplasmic Reticulum Signaling for Recombinant-protein Production

The unfolded protein response coordinates the production of endoplasmic reticulum protein and endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle responsible for production of both lumenal and membrane components of secretory pathway compartments. Secretory proteins are folded, processed, and sorted in the ER lumen and lipid synthesis occurs on the ER membrane itself. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, synthesis of ER components is highly regulated: the ER-resident protein...

Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates inflammation in adipocyte of obese rats via toll-like receptors 4 signaling

Objective(s): To explore whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulates inflammation in adipose tissue of obese rats via TLR4 signaling. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, and body weight, food intake, and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to determine mRNA or protein expression of TLR4, TRAF6, IKK...

Signaling the unfolded protein response from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress: signaling the unfolded protein response.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the cellular site of newly synthesized secretory and membrane proteins. Such proteins must be properly folded and posttranslationally modified before exit from the organelle. Proper protein folding and modification requires molecular chaperone proteins as well as an ER environment conducive for these reactions. When ER lumenal conditions are altered or chaperon...

Chaperone insufficiency links TLR4 protein signaling to endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Inflammation plays an important pathogenic role in a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The activation of inflammation in these diseases depends at least in part on the combined actions of TLR4 signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which by acting in concert can boost the inflammatory response. Defining the mechanisms involved in this pheno...